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Core Elements

  • Interchangeability: Contrary to unique inscriptions, Runes provide a homogeneous token model, ensuring interchangeability across various applications.

  • Runestones: Serve as the medium for Rune protocol messages within Bitcoin transaction outputs, marking a significant step towards embedding complex functionalities directly into Bitcoin's framework.

Innovative Concepts

  • Script Pubkey Structure: Incorporates a unique sequence starting with OP_RETURN followed by OP_13, allowing for advanced data structuring within transaction outputs.

  • Runestone Composition: Outlines the process of concatenating data pushes into 128-bit integers, forming the basis for Runestone interpretation.

  • Transaction Limitations: Imposes a restriction that a single transaction may contain only one runestone, ensuring clarity and preventing confusion in transactions.

Etching Process

  • Creation of Runes: Details the etching process as the genesis method for Rune creation, setting immutable properties that define the essence of each Rune.

  • Naming Conventions: Introduces a system for Rune names, incorporating the use of letters A through Z and optional spacers for enhanced readability, while ensuring name uniqueness regardless of spacer placement.

  • Divisibility and Symbolism: Addresses the divisibility aspect of Runes and assigns currency symbols for representation, adding layers of detail and functionality to the tokens.

Minting Mechanism

  • Open Mint Terms: Describes the conditions under which a Rune's minting is considered open, adding a layer of strategic decision-making to the process.

  • Cap and Amount: Defines the cap as the limit on minting occurrences and specifies the fixed amount of new units created per mint transaction, dictating the supply dynamics of each Rune.

Transferring Runes

  • Input to Output Transfer: Explores how Runes contained in transaction inputs or generated through premine or mint are allocated to transaction outputs, emphasizing the fluidity and flexibility in Rune circulation.

  • Edicts: Introduces a method for directing the transfer of Runes within transactions through specified allocations, further refining the control over Rune distribution.

Advanced Features

  • Burning Mechanism: Details the procedure for Rune burning, contributing to the deflationary aspect of certain tokens by removing them from circulation.

  • Cenotaphs for Malformed Runestones: Establishes the concept of cenotaphs as a response to malformed runestones, providing a fail-safe mechanism that impacts Rune mintability and transferability.

Protocol Specification

  • Reference Implementation: Clarifies that the ord reference implementation serves as the definitive specification of the Runes protocol, ensuring that interpretations align with actual protocol behavior.

Execution and Deciphering

  • Detailed Execution Steps: Breaks down the Runestone execution process, from locating the Runestone output to parsing and applying runestone data, illustrating the comprehensive approach to Runestone interpretation.

  • Minting and Transferring: Elucidates the conditions and mechanics behind Rune minting and transferring processes, providing a clear understanding of how Runes circulate within and across transactions.

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